Litteraturliste

Acharya, S.,«Tackling Bias in Machine Learning», Medium: Insight, 2019.

Buiten, M. C., «Towards Intelligent Regulation of Artificial Intelligence», European Journal of Risk Regulation, vol. 10, nr. 1, 2019.

Burgess, M. «UK police are using AI to inform custodial deci- sions—but it could be discriminating against the poor», Wired Magaazine, 2. feb. 2018, hentet fra http://www.wired.co.uk/article/police-ai-uk-durham-hart-checkpoint-algorithm-edit

Crawford, K. «The hidden biases in big data», Harvard Business Review, 2013.

Den internasjonale telekommunikasjonsenheten. Digital Inclusion for All, nov. 2019.

Europarådet, Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the protection of human rights with regard to search engines, CM/Rec(2012)3, 4. apr. 2012, avsn. 1, hentet fra https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1929429

Europarådet menneskerettighetskommisjonær,  «Democratic and Effective Oversight of National Security Services», mai 2015, s. 19–27.

Davidson, T. m. fl., «Racial Bias in Hate Speech and Abusive Language Detection Datasets», 2019, hentet fra https://aclanthology.org/W19-3504.pdf

Fabbrini, F., Celeste, E., «The right to be forgotten in the digital age: the challenges of data protection beyond borders», German Law Journal, avsn. 21 og 55-65.

Hao, K., «This Is How AI Bias Really Happens – and Why It’s So Hard to Fix», MIT Technology  Review, 2019.

Jimenez, J. I., Jahankhani, H., Kendzierskyj, S. «Health care in the cyberspace: Medical cyber-physical system and digital twin challenges», Digital twin technologies and smart cities. Internet of things (technology, communications and computing), red. Farsi, M. m. fl., 2020, Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

Joyce, D. «Privacy in the Digital Era: Human Rights Online?», Melbourne Journal of International Law, 2015, s. 270 og 273.

Jobin, A., Ienca, M., Vayena, E., «The Global Landscape of AI Ethics Guidelines», Nature Machine Intelligence, vol. 1, nr. 9, 2019.

Kluttz D., Kohli N., Mulligan D.  «Shaping our tools: contestability as a means to promote responsible algorithmic decision making in the professions», After the digital tornado: networks, algorithms, humanity, red. Werbach, K., s. 137-152, Cambridge, Storbritannia: Cambridge University Press.

Kochi, E. «How to Prevent Discriminatory Outcomes in Machine Learning», World Economic Forum 2018.

Latonero, M. «Governing Artificial Intelligence: Upholding Human Rights and Dignity», Report, Data & Security 2018.

O’Reilly, T., «The great question of the 21st century: Whose black box do you trust?», 13. sept. 2016.

Penney, J. m. fl., «Advancing Human Rights-by-Design in the Dual-Use Technology Industry», Journal of International Affairs, 2018, s. 103.

SAS Institute. «Artificial Intelligence – What It Is and Why It Matters,» SAS: The Power to Know, hentet 10. apr. 2019 fra https://www.sas.com/en_us/insights/analytics/what-is-artificial-intelligence.html

Samuel, Arthur, «Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers,» IBM Journal of Research and Development 3:3, juli 1959.

Shany, Y. Contribution to Open Consultation on UN GGE 2015 Norm Proposals, 2018.

Saxena, R. «The social media “echo chamber” is real», Arstechnica, hentet 25. sept. 2017 fra https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/03/the-social-media-echo-chamber-is-real/

Sharkey, N. «The Impact of Gender and Race Bias in AI», ICRC Humanitarian Law and Policy Blog, 28. aug. 2018, hentet fra https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2018/08/28/impact-gender-race-bias-ai/

Stanford University. «A Peek Inside the ‘Black Box’ of Machine Learning Systems», Artificial Intelligence Research, 2017.

Sullivan C. «Digital identity – a new legal concept», Digital identity: an emergent legal concept, s. 19-40. Adelaide, Australia: The University of Adelaide Press.

Ribeiro, T. «OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media», hentet fra https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/8/f/510332_0.pdf

Ronen, Y., «Big Brothers Little Helpers; The Right to Privacy and the Responsibility of the Internet Service Providers», Utrecht Journal of International and European Law, 2015 s. 72.

Rudin, C., Radin, J. «Why Are We Using Black Box Models in AI When We Don’t Need To?», Harvard Data Science Review, vol. 1, nr. 2, 2019.

Teknologirådet. «Elections, Technology and Political Influencing», 2019. https://teknologiradet.no/wp-content/uploads/sites/105/2019/06/Elections-technology-and-political-influencing.pdf

Teller, M. «Legal Aspects related to digital twin», Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 16. aug. 2021, hentet fra https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rsta.2021.0023

USAs forsvarsdepartements strategi om kunstig intelligens, Harnessing AI to Advance Our Security and Prosperity, 2018.

Wright, J., Verity, A., «Artificial Intelligence Principles for Vulnerable Populations in Humanitarian Contexts», Digital Humanitarian Network, jan. 2020, s. 15.