Source list

Conventions/Covenants

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), 4 November 1950.

UN International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), 7 March 1965.

UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 16 December 1966.

UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 16 December 1966.

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 22 May 1969.

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989.

ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 27 June 1989.

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 5 June 1992.

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 25 June 1992.

European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, 10 November 1994.

Other International Instruments

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.

UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), 13 September 2007.

UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP), 16 June 2011.

OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, 2011 Edition.

Laws and Regulations

Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway, 17 May 1814.

Energy Act, 29 June 1990.

Human Rights Act, 21 May 1999.

Finnmark Act, 17 June 2005.

Reindeer Husbandry Act, 15 June 2007.

Planning and Building Act, 27 June 2008.

Minerals Act, 19 June 2009.

Nature Diversity Act, 19 June 2009.

Tana Act, 20 June 2014.

Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act, 16 June 2017.

Act Relating to Enterprises’ Transparency and Work on Fundamental Human Rights and Decent Working Conditions (Transparency Act), 18 June 2021.

The Impact Assessment Regulations, 21 June 2017.

Preparatory Works for Laws and Public Reports

NOU 1984:18 Om samenes rettsstilling (On the legal position of the Sami) (Sami Rights Committee I).

St.prp. nr. 80 (1997–98) Om samtykke til ratifikasjon av Europarådets rammekonvensjon (On consent to ratification of the Council of Europe Framework Convention), 1 February 1995.

NOU 2007:13 Den nye Sameretten – Utredning fra Samerettsutvalget (The New Sami Right – Report from the Sami Rights Committee) (Sami Rights Committee II).

NOU 2008:5 Retten til fiske i havet utenfor Finnmark (The right to fish in the sea off Finnmark).

Prop. (Law Proposal to Parliament) 86 L (2020–2021) Endringer i sameloven mv. (konsultasjoner) (Changes in the Sami Act, etc. [consultations]).

Prop. (Law Proposal to Parliament) 150 L (2020–2021) Lov om virksomheters åpenhet og arbeid med grunnleggende menneskerettigheter og anstendige arbeidsforhold (Act on Business Transparency and Work on Basic Human Rights and Decent Working Conditions) (Transparency Act).

Innst. O nr. 80 (2004–2005) Innstilling fra justiskomiteen om lov om rettsforhold og forvaltning av grunn og naturressurser i Finnmark fylke (Recommendation from the Justice Committee on the Act on Legal Relations and Management of Land and Natural Resources in Finnmark County) (Finnmark Act), to Ot.prp. no. 53 (2002–2003).

Parliament

Document 16 (2011–2012) Rapport til Stortingets presidentskap fra Menneskerettighetsutvalget om menneskerettigheter i Grunnloven (Report to Parliament’s Presidency from the Human Rights Committee on Human Rights in the Constitution (submitted 19 December 2011).

Sami Parliament

Sami Parliament Annual Report 2020.

UN Human Rights Committee

HRC General Comment No. 12: Article 1, Right to Self-determination (1984).

HRC General Comment No. 23: Article 27, Rights of Minorities (1994).

HRC, Sandra Lovelace v Canada (Communication No. 24/1977).

HRC, Lubicon Lake Band v Canada (Communication No. 167/1984).

HRC, Kitok v Sweden (Communication No. 197/1985).

HRC, Ilmari Länsman et al. v Finland (Communication No. 511/1992).

HRC, Apirana Mahuika et al. v New Zealand (Communication No. 547/1993).

HRC, Jouni Länsman et al. v Finland (Communication No. 671/1995).

HRC, Diergaardt et al. v Namibia (Communication No. 760/1997).

HRC, Howard v Canada (Communication No. 879/1999).

HRC, Jouni Länsman et al. v Finland (Communication No. 1023/2001).

HRC, Poma Poma v Peru (Communication No. 1457/2006).

HRC, Tiina Sanila-Aikio v Finland (Communication 2668/2015).

HRC, Näkkäläjärvi et al. v Finland (Communication No. 2950/2017).

HRC, Billy et al. v Australia (Communication No. 3624/2019), (pending).

UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

CERD General Recommendation No. 32: The meaning and scope of special measures in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Racial Discrimination.

CERD, Vapsten sameby v Sweden (CERD/ C/102/D/54/2013).

UN Documents

Minority rights: International standards and guidance for implementation (HR/ PUB/10/3), 2010.

UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs Policy Brief #101: Challenges and Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples’ Sustainability.

UN Human Rights Council, Free, prior and informed consent; a human rights-based approach. Study of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (EMRIP) (A/HRC/39/62), 2018.

UN Human Rights Council, Comment on the Human Rights Council’s Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights as related to Indigenous Peoples and the Right to Participate in Decision-Making with a Focus on Extractive Industries (EMRIP), (A/HRC/EMRIP/2012/CRP.1), 2012.

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v Democratic Republic of the Congo),30 November 2010.

ILO

ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples 1989 (No. 169): A Manual, 2003.

Handbook for ILO Tripartite Constituents Understanding the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), 2013.

Comments submitted by the ILO Human Rights Council Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Eleventh Session, 9–13 July 2018 Item 4: Study on free, prior and informed consent, 2018.

European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)

James et al. v United Kingdom (8793/79), 1986.

Duarte Agostinho and Others v Portugal and 32 Other States (39371/20), 2020.

Lindheim et al. v Norway (13221/08 and 2139/10), 2012.

Verein Klimaseniorinnen Schweiz and Others v Switzerland, submitted September 2021.

Supreme Court Judgments

Rt. 1982 p. 241 (Alta).

Rt. 2000 p. 1578 (Seiland).

Rt. 2001 p. 769 (Selbu).

Rt. 2001 p. 1116 (Båndtvang).

Rt. 2001 p. 1229 (Svartskog).

Rt. 2004 p. 1092 (Stonglandshalvøya).

Rt. 2006 p. 1382 (Utsi).

Rt. 2008 p. 513.

Rt. 2008 p. 1764 (Restauratør).

Rt. 2008 p. 1789 (Hjertestikk).

Rt. 2009 p. 1261.

Rt. 2015 p. 93 (Maria).

HR-2016-2030-A (Stjernøya).

HR-2016-2591-A.

HR-2017-2247-A (Reinøya).

HR-2017-2428-A (Sara).

HR-2018-456-P (Nesseby).

HR-2018-872-A (Femund sijte).

HR-2019-2395-A (Sara judgment II).

HR-2021-1975-S (Fosen).

Court of Appeal

LF-2018-150314 – LF-2018-150323 – LF-2018-150327 (Fosen).

Supreme Administrative Court, Sweden

Supreme Administrative Court judgment, 29 October 2014, Case no. 7425–7427-13.

Decisions and documents from ministries

Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries

Kgl. res. 29. november 2019. Avslag på klage over Nærings- og fiskeridepartementets vedtak 14. februar 2019 om tildeling av driftskonsesjon til Nussir ASA for utvinning av Repparfjord kobberforekomst. (Royal Decree 29 November 2019. Rejection of an appeal against the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries’ decision of 14 February 2019 on the award of an operating license to Nussir ASA for the extraction of Repparfjord copper deposits.)

Meld. St. 8 (Report to Parliament) (2019 – 2020) Statens direkte eierskap i selskaper – Bærekraftig verdiskapning (The state’s direct ownership in companies – Sustainable value creation).

Mandate for law committee that will prepare proposals for a revised law on the acquisition and extraction of mineral resources (the Minerals Act)

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy decision of 26 August 2013 – the Fosen cases.

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy decision of 2 March 2015 – Hammerfest.

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy decision of 2 March 2015 – Fálesrášša.

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy decision of 11 November 2016 – Kalvvatnan.

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy decision of 16 November 2016 – Øyfjellet og Mosjøen.

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy decision of 19 September 2017 – Kopperaa.

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy decision of 19 September 2017 – Stokkfjellet.

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy decision of 15 February 2016 – appeal against decisions on effect changes (Fosen).

Meld. St. (Report to Parliament) 28 (2019–2020) Vindkraft på land – Endringer i konsesjonsbehandlingen (Wind power on land – Changes in the license processing).

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Næringsliv og menneskerettigheter – Nasjonal handlingsplan for oppfølging av FNs veiledende prinsipper (Business and human rights – National action plan for follow-up of the UN’s guiding principles), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2015.

OECD

OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement in the Extractive Sector, 2017.

OECD várrugasvuođa bagadallan rogganindustriija ulbmillaš berošteaddjisearvideami várás, OECD Publishing, 2017.

OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, OECD Publishing, 2019.

20 years of National Contact Points. Ten ground-breaking complaints about compliance with the OECD Guidelines for Responsible Business, 2020.

Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE)

Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate decision 18 December 2019, Øyfjellet Wind AS – Godkjenning av detaljplan, miljø-, transport- og anleggsplan og andre konsesjonsvilkår for Øyfjellet vindkraftverk (Approval of detailed plan, environmental, transport and construction plan and other license conditions for Øyfjellet wind farm), Vefsn municipality, 2019.

Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, 19 May 2020, Øyfjellet vindkraftverk – Oversendelse av seks klager på tre vedtak av 18.12.2019 og en klage på vedtak av 08.04.2020, samt begjæring om omgjøring og utsatt iverksettelse (Øyfjellet wind farm – Submission of six appeals against three decisions of 18.12.2019 and one appeal against decisions of 08.04.2020, as well as a request for conversion and postponed implementation), 2020.

Literature

ASK Rådgivning AS, and SWECO Norge AS. Fagrapport reindrift. Konsekvenser av vindkraft- og kraftledningsprosjekter på Fosen (Technical report reindeer husbandry. Consequences of wind, power and power line projects at Fosen) (2008).

Bull, Kirsti Strøm, “En kommentar til Høyesteretts forståelse av ICCPR artikkel 27 og konsultasjonsplikten” (“A commentary on the Supreme Court’s understanding of ICCPR Article 27 and the obligation to consult”) Lov og Rett, vol. 57, no. 8, 2018, pp. 504–509.

Carmen, Andrea. “Corporations and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Advancing the Struggle for Protection, Recognition, and Redress at the Third UN Forum on Business and Human Rights” Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine, 2015.

Eira, Anders Johansen, Svein Ole Granefjell, Isak Henrik Eira, Elli-Ristin Tuorda, Analyse av virkningen for reindriften ved planlagt gruvedrift i Nussir og Ulveryggen i Kvalsund kommune (Analysis of the impact on reindeer husbandry during planned mining operations in Nussir and Ulveryggen in Kvalsund municipality) (Foundation Protect Sápmi, 2020).

Engelien, Erik, Iulie Aslaksen, and Jørn Kristian Undelstvedt. Utbygging får konsekvenser for reinbeiteområder (Development has consequences for reindeer grazing areas) (SSB 2020/16).

Hellerslia, Thom Arne. “Uttalelser Fra FN-Komiteene–En Strukturell Analyse” (“Views by the UN Committees – A Structural Analysis). Jussens Venner 53, no. 02 (2018).

IWGIA and European Network on Indigenous Peoples. Interpreting the UN guiding principles for indigenous peoples, Report 16 (IWGIA 2014).

Menneskerettighetene i Norge (Human Rights in Norway), Document 6 (2018–2019).

Norwegian National Human Rights Institution and OECD’s Contact Point for Responsible Business. Natural Resource Development, Business and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. (Karasjok, 2019).

Norwegian National Human Rights Institution. A Human Rights-Based Approach to Sami Statistics in Norway). (Oslo, 2020).

Norwegian National Human Rights Institution. Climate and Human Rights. (Oslo, 2020).

Norwegian National Human Rights Institution. Norges nasjonale minoriteter (Norway’s National Minorities). (Oslo 2019).

Nowak, Manfred. UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, CCPR Commentary, 2nd revised edition, N.P. Engel Publisher, 2005.

Ravna, Øyvind, Same- og reindriftsrett (Sami and reindeer husbandry law). 1st edition, Gyldendal 2019.

Riseth, Jan Åge and Hans Tømmervik. Klimautfordringer og arealforvaltning for reindrifta i Norge (Climate challenges and land management for reindeer husbandry in Norway). (NORUT – Northern Research Institute, Report 6/2017).

Riseth, Jan Åge, and Bernt Johansen. Inngrepskartlegging for reindrifta i Troms fylke. På oppdrag fra Troms Fylkeskommune (Interference survey for reindeer husbandry in Troms county. On behalf of Troms County Municipality). (NORUT – Northern Research Institute, Report 23/2018).

Shift and Mazars. UN guiding principles reporting framework (UNGPREPORTING 2015).

Skarin, Anna, Per Sandström, Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr, Moudud Alam, Sven Adler, Renar, renskötsel och vindkraft (Reindeer, reindeer husbandry and wind power) (Naturvårdsverket 2021).

Skogvang, Susann Funderud. Samerett (Sami Law) (3rd edition, Scandinavian University Press 2017).

Strand, Olav, Jonathan E. Colman, Sindre Eftestøl, Per Sandström, Anna Skarin, and Jørn Thomassen, Vindkraft og reinsdyr – En kunnskapssyntese (Wind power and reindeer – A knowledge synthesis) (Trondheim, Nina, 2017).

Geological Survey of Sweden, Vägledning för prövning av gruvverksamhet (Guidance for testing mining operations) (SGU Report, 2016).

Ulfstein, Geir, Samiske folkerettslige rettigheter ved naturinngrep – Utredning for Olje- og energidepartementet i forbindelse med utbygging av kraftledninger og vindkraftverk (Sami international law rights in the event of interference on nature – Study for the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy in connection with the development of power lines and wind turbines), (16.6.2013).

Valio, Tim, Anders Johansen Eira, Svein Ole Granefjell, Inngrepskartlegging og reindriftsfaglig utredning i forhold til Øyfjellet vindkraftverk (Interference survey and reindeer husbandry professional assessment in relation to the Øyfjellet wind farm) (Foundation Protect Sápmi 2019).

Winge, Nikolai K. “Konsekvensutredning i reindriftsområder” (“Impact assessment in reindeer husbandry areas”). Tidsskrift for eiendomsrett 12, no. 02 (2016): 101–24.